C++ Game Programming. Error: expected ')' before ':' token -
i'm going through tutorial on lazyfoo: 'beginning game programming'. i've completed tutorial number 4.
my problem follows:
the code works fine apart line:
sdl_surface* loadsurface( std::string path ); the error reads:
error: expected ')' before ':' token
i've come conclusion error might have headers. it's possible should add sdl.h header.
i added stdbool.h header fix separate problem. wonder if has caused issues.
here's full code, tutorial code (edit: i've put problematic line in bold) (or @ least stars have gone around it. doesn't appear bolding within code. it's near beginning, line 33):
//using sdl , standard io #include <sdl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> //screen dimension constants const int screen_width = 640; const int screen_height = 480; //key press surfaces constants enum keypresssurfaces { key_press_surface_default, key_press_surface_up, key_press_surface_down, key_press_surface_left, key_press_surface_right, key_press_surface_total }; //starts sdl , creates window bool init(); //loads media bool loadmedia(); //frees media , shuts down sdl void close(); //loads individual image **sdl_surface* loadsurface( std::string path );** //the window we'll rendering sdl_window* gwindow = null; //the surface contained window sdl_surface* gscreensurface = null; //the images correspond keypress sdl_surface* gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_total ]; //current displayed image sdl_surface* gcurrentsurface = null; bool init() { //initialization flag bool success = true; //initialize sdl if( sdl_init( sdl_init_video ) < 0 ) { printf( "sdl not initialize! sdl_error: %s\n", sdl_geterror() ); success = false; } else { //create window gwindow = sdl_createwindow( "sdl tutorial", sdl_windowpos_undefined, sdl_windowpos_undefined, screen_width, screen_height, sdl_window_shown ); if( gwindow == null ) { printf( "window not created! sdl_error: %s\n", sdl_geterror() ); success = false; } else { //get window surface gscreensurface = sdl_getwindowsurface( gwindow ); } } return success; } bool loadmedia() { //loading success flag bool success = true; //load default surface gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_default ] = loadsurface( "04_key_presses/press.bmp" ); if( gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_default ] == null ) { printf( "failed load default image!\n" ); success = false; } //load surface gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_up ] = loadsurface( "04_key_presses/up.bmp" ); if( gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_up ] == null ) { printf( "failed load image!\n" ); success = false; } //load down surface gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_down ] = loadsurface( "04_key_presses/down.bmp" ); if( gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_down ] == null ) { printf( "failed load down image!\n" ); success = false; } //load left surface gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_left ] = loadsurface( "04_key_presses/left.bmp" ); if( gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_left ] == null ) { printf( "failed load left image!\n" ); success = false; } //load right surface gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_right ] = loadsurface( "04_key_presses/right.bmp" ); if( gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_left ] == null ) { printf( "failed load left image!\n" ); success = false; } return success; } void close() { int i; //deallocate surface for( < key_press_surface_total; ++i; ) { sdl_freesurface( gkeypresssurfaces[ ] ); gkeypresssurfaces[ ] = null; } //destroy window sdl_destroywindow( gwindow ); gwindow = null; //quit sdl subsystems sdl_quit(); } sdl_surface* loadsurface( std::string path ) { //load image @ specified path sdl_surface* loadedsurface = sdl_loadbmp( path.c_str() ); if( loadedsurface == null ) { printf( "unable load image %s! sdl error: %s\n", path.c_str(), sdl_geterror() ); } return loadedsurface; } int main( int argc, char* args[] ) { //start sdl , create window if( !init() ) { printf( "failed initialize!\n" ); } else { //load media if( !loadmedia() ) { printf( "failed load media!\n" ); } else { //main loop flag bool quit = false; //event handler sdl_event e; //set default current surface gcurrentsurface = gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_default ]; //while application running while( !quit ) { //handle events on queue while( sdl_pollevent( &e ) != 0 ) { //user requests quit if( e.type == sdl_quit ) { quit = true; } //user presses key else if( e.type == sdl_keydown ) { //select surfaces based on key press switch( e.key.keysym.sym ) { case sdlk_up: gcurrentsurface = gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_up ]; break; case sdlk_down: gcurrentsurface = gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_down ]; break; case sdlk_left: gcurrentsurface = gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_left ]; break; case sdlk_right: gcurrentsurface = gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_right ]; break; default: gcurrentsurface = gkeypresssurfaces[ key_press_surface_default ]; break; } } } //apply current image sdl_blitsurface( gcurrentsurface, null, gscreensurface, null ); //update surface sdl_updatewindowsurface( gwindow ); } } } //free resources , close sdl close(); return 0; }
as pointer out, should try including c++'s string.
#include <string> however, if that's problem, compiler should have said string not in std namespace.
to me looks compiler doesn't know :: namespace operator.
the possible cause you're using c compiler instead of c++ compiler.
c doesn't have notion of namespace, , has no std::string.
make sure source file's extension c++ 1 (like .cpp) opposed c (.c).
depending on compiler, might need tell mean c++ , not c. if you're using gcc, try g++ instead.
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